System34/45 coordinate sets

System 34 is a local Danish coordinate system. System 34 has until 2006 been used for all cadastral maps and measurements and in most technical maps and measurements in Denmark. System 34 is a two dimensional horizontal coordinate system. Positions are indicated with (y,x) coordinates. The y axis is approximately north oriented and the X axis is oriented to the west. System 34 is based on the GI network, which is the basic Danish Fixpoint Net that defines System 34. System 34 uses two zones, a zone covers Jutland and Funen and a zone covers Zealand. Bornholm has its own coordinate system, System 45. The distance correction in System 34 is a maximum of 5 cm/km. The use of System 34 ceased in 2006 in state institutions (including, of course, also in the Danish Geodata Agency) and in the municipalities’ basic map, after which most geographical data are exchanged, stored and processed in the pan-European coordinate system UTM/ETRS89. This applies to both technical measurements and all cadastral measurements. The Danish reference system, System 34, was developed in the 1930s when a Danish coordinate system was needed for both cadastral (property) and military purposes. Until this time, a conformal conical Lambert projection was used, but the scale factor of this old projection was considered to be too large. Instead, they wanted a new projection with a highest scale factor of 1,00005, which corresponded to the measurement accuracy that could be achieved with a tape measure. The new projection was defined almost as a transverse cylindrical conform projection. However, the projection was not exact because it was modified to simplify the transformation calculations between the old coordinate system (GS system) and the new system. The coordinate system was defined with the Y axis positive to the north and the X-axis positive towards the west, (y,x). A point on Agri Baunehøj (96-01-001) approximately in the middle of Denmark got the coordinates (y,x)= (200 km, 200 km). In this way, all coordinates in Denmark became positive. The orientation of the coordinate system was taken from the old system, from triangulation and associated atsronomic measurements). The angle of direction from Agi Baunehøj to Lysnet (91-08-002) was maintained at 24 o 31′14.17′.This definition meant that the Y axis was not oriented exactly to the geographical north. To achieve a scale factor as small as possible, the projection was divided into two zones, a zone (System 34J) covering Jutland and Funen and a zone (System 34s) covering Zealand. A complete remeasurement, triangulation, of the Danish first order network and the new grid was calculated in System 34. Due to the definition of System 34, an exact transformation cannot be performed between System 34 and UTM. UTM is a mathematically defined map projection and it is System 34 not. Although System 34 has been improved in the 1970s with more accurate observations, it is still fundamentally influenced by the equalisation calculations and measurements carried out in the 1930s. All coordinate transformations between System 34 and other reference systems are therefore performed as 11 degree polynomials from System 34 to UTM Zone 32 as the first step. Bornholm has its own transversal cylinder conforming projection called System 45. Coordinate transformations between System 45 and UTM zone 33 are also performed using polynomials. Horizontal positions given in System 34 or System 45 are usually given with height information in Dansk Normal Zero (DNN). Read more http://sdfe.dk/data-og-infrastruktur/data-om-land-danmark-faeroeerne-og-groenland/referencenet-og-geodaesi/referencesystemer/system-34/