Fragility indices — from 2021

Analytical and synthetic indicators of demographic, social and economic fragility in the different areas of the city, developed by the Statistical Office of the Municipality of Bologna on an annual basis.Despite the continuity of the Fragility study since 2017 and the same structure of the analysis, substantially unchanged between several years, the set of analytical indicators has instead been modified since 2021, as well as the statistical method of calculating synthetic indicators. The reason for these changes over time is due to the refinement of the analysis and the updating of the available data set, the availability of new data sources, as well as the continuous search for a model that is the most responsive to the potential Fragility you want to investigate. The study is constantly evolving and, from 2022 onwards, the methodology introduced allows for time comparison. For the editions of the years 2017 to 2021, a time comparison is unreliable and substantially limited to the individual analytical indicators that have remained unchanged over the years. The analysis is divided into three areas: demographic, social and economic; for each of them there is a synthetic indicator of potential fragility. The synthesis of these produces the overall indicator of Fragility.